The Impact of the Open Proportional System Decision on Democracy and Political Stability in the 2024 General Election
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59108/ilre.v2i2.76Keywords:
Democracy, Elections, Politics, Proportionality StabilityAbstract
The open proportional electoral system implemented in Indonesia since the 2009 general election aims to improve political representation and strengthen democracy by giving voters more freedom to directly select legislative candidates. However, despite its good intentions, the system presents various challenges in practice, including high political costs, rampant money politics, and weak party control over legislative candidates. The main issue in this research is how the effectiveness of the open proportional system in achieving the goal of fair and stable political representation in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical approach to analyse the Constitutional Court's decisions related to the electoral system, as well as comparing with other electoral systems. The author argues that although an open proportional system can increase voter freedom, its negative impacts are greater, especially in terms of high political costs and money politics practices that undermine the integrity of elections. In addition, this system causes divisions within political parties, as legislative candidates focus more on personal votes rather than the collective interests of the party. The findings of this study suggest that although an open proportional system is more democratic in theory, its implementation in Indonesia tends to exacerbate political inequality and reduce political stability. Therefore, a mixed proportional system is suggested as a more effective solution to improve political representation and reduce the negative impacts.
References
Al-Fatih, S. (2022). Hukum Pemilu dan Threshold (Dinamika dan Perkembangannya Di Indonesia. Ummpress.
Al-Hamdi, R. (2022). Kuasa padat modal: Strategi elektoral partai dalam sistem liberal. Basabasi.
Aspinall, E., & Berenschot, W. (2019). Democracy for sale: Pemilihan umum, klientelisme, dan negara di Indonesia. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Badoh, I. Z. F., & Dahlan, A. (2010). Korupsi Pemilu di Indonesia. Indonesia Corruption Watch.
Budiarti, A. P., & dkk. (2021). Partai Politik dan Pemilu Serentak 2019: Kandidasi dan Koalisi. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Fauzia, A., & Esfandiari, F. (2024). Political Party Deliberation: Mechanism for Safeguarding Constituent Rights against Vacancies in House of Representatives Affected by Political Party Dissolution. Jambura Law Review, 6(2), 452–481. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v6i2.24110
Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. (2022). Legitimacy of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Six Threats and the Need for a Calibrated Institutional Response. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 5(3), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvac008
Haboddin, M. (2016). Pemilu dan partai politik di Indonesia. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Hadari Nawawi. (1991). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.
Harefa, D., & Fatolosa Hulu, M. M. (2020). Demokrasi Pancasila di era kemajemukan. Pm Publisher.
Haryanti, A. (2022). Pengantar Sosiologi Politik. Pascal Books.
Jajilah. (2023). Analisis Framing Isu Keberpihakan Media pada Pemberitaan Sistem Proporsional Terbuka/Tertutup Pemilu 2024 pada Media Kompas. com [Fakultas Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasif]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/73107
Lestari, S. T. (2023). Sistem P Sistem Penyederhanaan K ederhanaan Kepartaian Dalam K taian Dalam Konstitusi Negar onstitusi NegaraNegara Presidensial Multipartai Dan Pengalaman di Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi, 3(1), 1–19.
Mærøe, A. R., Norta, A., Tsap, V., & Pappel, I. (2021). Increasing Citizen Participation in E-participatory Budgeting Processes. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 18(2), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2020.1821421
Makarim, M. R. F., & Fahmi, K. (2022). Permasalahan dan Dampak dari Implementasi Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka terhadap Sistem Politik. Journal of Social and Policy Issues, 50–57.
Maulana, I., Akbar, M. G. G., Abas, M., & Hidayat, A. (2024). Effectiveness of Proportional Systems in Legislative General Elections In Legal Politics Perspective. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities (JLPH), 4(5), 1256–1264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i5.491
Maulidi, M., & Ishaq, Z. (2023). Krisis Nilai Demokrasi atas Gugatan Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka ke Mahkamah Konstitusi oleh Elemen Masyarakat. JOSH: Journal of Sharia, 2(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55352/josh.v2i2.537
Muhammad. (2020). Evaluasi Undang-Undang Pemilu (Telaah Atas Keserentakan, Proporsional Terbuka, Parliamentary Threshold dan Pengawasan). Jurnal Arajang, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v3i1.586
Muhtadi, B. (2018). Pembiayaan pemilu di Indonesia. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Muhtamar, S., & Bachmid, F. (2022). Constitutionality and Ideology in the Electoral System: Pancasila’s Moral Interpretation on the Proportional Representation System. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v3i2.227
Mulyadi, D., & Megawati, L. (2023). The Dynamics of Constitutional Court Decisions on Open Proportional, Closed Proportional, And Limited Open Proportional Electoral Systems. Intellectual Law Review (ILRE), 1(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59108/ilre.v1i2.55
Mulyono, A. (2023). Election 2024: Open Proportional or Closed Proportional System. Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 13(2), 99–105. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Justi/article/view/1939
Mustika, T., & Rodiyah. (2023). Political Dowry in the Maelstrom of Political Practices in Indonesia: Legal and Political Aspects. Journal of Law & Legal Reform, 4(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v4i1.64398
Purnama, T. Y., & Manitra, R. R. M. (2023). The Proposal for The Implementation of Elections in Indonesia: a Framework Based on The Presidential System. Wacana Hukum, 29(2), 181–205. https://doi.org/10.33061/wh.v29i2.9815
Putra, E. J. (2017). Gagasan Pembubaran Partai Politik Korup di Indonesia. PT. RajaGrafindo Persada-Rajawali Pers.
Putri, N. H., Laia, A., & Laia, B. (2023). Sistem Proporsional Pemilihan Umum Dalam Perspektif Politik Hukum. Jurnal Panah Keadilan, 2(2), 66–80.
Qolbu, N. Z., & Wulandari, L. (2024). The Impact of The Parliamentary Threshold Policy On Small Parties: The Failure of The Partai Persatuan Pembangunan To Meet The Parliamentary Threshold In The 2024 Election. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.382
Salampessy, M., Abqa, M. A. R., Zukriadi, D., Yustrisia, L., Suharoyanto, D., Riyanda, R., Jamba, P., Haskar, E., Aris, A., & Farda, N. F. (2023). Penegakan Hukum Pemilu. In Penegakan Hukum Pemilu. CV. Gita Lentera.
Sholahuddin, A. H., Bariah, C., Herniwati, Faried, F. S., Widodo, I. S., Abqa, M. A. R., Disantara, F. P., Paramitha, A. A., Agustiwi, A., Permana, D. Y., Firdausi, F., Suhariyanto, D., & Fuqoha. (2023). Hukum Pemilu di Indonesia. In Hukum Pemilu di Indonesia. Penerbit PT Sada Kurnia Pustaka.
Solihah, R. (2018). Peluang dan tantangan pemilu serentak 2019 dalam perspektif politik. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 3(1), 73–88.
Surbakti, R., Supriyanto, D., & Santoso, T. (2011). Penanganan pelanggaran pemilu. Kemitraan bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan.
Sutisna, A. (2017). Demokrasi Elektoral dan Pilkada Langsung: Tinjauan Teori dan Sisi Gelapnya. Suyatno Ladiqi, Ismail Suardi Wekke, Cahyo Seftyono, 115.
Sutisna, I. N., & SH, M. B. A. (2024). Digital Marketing For Politics: Pemasaran Politik Era Digital. Penerbit Adab.
Syamsuadi, A. (2023). Diskursus Model Sistem Proporsional Tertutup Menjelang Pemilu Serentak Tahun 2024. Implikasi Politik, 1–14. https://www.academia.edu/download/98195146/DISKURSUS_MODEL_SISTEM_PROPORSIONAL_TERTUTUP_MENJELANG_PEMILU_SERENTAK_TAHUN_2024.pdf
Tabo, S., Agustang, A., Idkhan, A. M., Nuna, M., & Mobonggi, R. (2022). Analisis Proses Pemutahiran Daftar Pemilih Dalam Daftar Pemilih Tetap (DPT) Pada Pemilu Tahun 2019 Di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Jurnal Sosio Sains, 7(2), 139–152.
Utami Argawati. (2023). Pengalaman Pahit Penerapan Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Tertutup. Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia.
Vibhisana, A. D. A., Nugroho, M. R., & Rofiulhaq, F. M. (2023). Di Bawah Kontrol Publik: AnalisaKritis Penerapan Sistem Proporsional Terbuka Maupun Tertutup Terhadap Peluang Penguatan Kontrol Publik pada Pemilu 2024. Jurnal Bawaslu Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, 5(01), 24–34.
Willis, R., Curato, N., & Smith, G. (2022). Deliberative Democracy and The Climate Crisis. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 13(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.759
Winarno, B., & others. (2016). Kebijakan publik era globalisasi. Media Pressindo.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Intellectual Law Review (ILRE)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The journal holds the copyright for each article published with work licensed simultaneously under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the authorship and early publication of the work in this journal.
-
Authors must agree to the copyright transfer agreement by checking the Copyright Notice column at the initial stage when submitting the article.